The Middle Ages · School
Nominalism
Denied that universals exist independently: only particulars are real, and universals are merely names. Ockham was its chief representative.
Representative figures · 2
Peter Abelard阿伯拉尔
The sharpest logician of the twelfth century, a conceptualist on universals, and through his tragedy with Héloïse the most famous man of the Middle Ages.
William of Ockham奥卡姆的威廉
Nominalist author of 'do not multiply entities beyond necessity', who separated theology from philosophy and paved the way for modern empiricism and the separation of church and state.