A History of Western Philosophy
Timeline
Influence Map
Philosophers
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Timeline
From Miletus to today: twenty-six centuries of questions
Scroll sideways. Colour marks the school; hover for a summary.
All schools
Milesian School
Pythagoreanism
Eleatic School
Atomism
The Sophists
Platonism
Peripatetic School
Cynicism
Epicureanism
Stoicism
Scepticism
Neoplatonism
Patristic Philosophy
Islamic Peripatetics
Scholasticism
Nominalism
Christian Mysticism
Humanism
Renaissance Naturalism
Political Realism
Rationalism
Empiricism
The Enlightenment
German Idealism
Utilitarianism
Positivism
Marxism
Existentialism
Pragmatism
Philosophy of Life
Phenomenology
Analytic Philosophy
Logical Positivism
Hermeneutics
Critical Theory
Structuralism & Post-structuralism
Political Liberalism
Philosophy of Science
Virtue Ethics
600 BCE
Ancient Greece & Rome
600 BCE – 400
The Middle Ages
400 – 1400
The Renaissance
1400 – 1600
The Early Modern Age
1600 – 1800
The Nineteenth Century
1800 – 1900
The Twentieth Century to Today
1900 – present
Thales
Anaximander
Anaximenes
Pythagoras
Heraclitus
Parmenides
Anaxagoras
Empedocles
Zeno of Elea
Protagoras
Gorgias
Socrates
Democritus
Plato
Diogenes of Sinope
Aristotle
Pyrrho
Epicurus
Zeno of Citium
Chrysippus
Cicero
Lucretius
Seneca
Epictetus
Marcus Aurelius
Sextus Empiricus
Plotinus
Augustine of Hippo
Boethius
John Scotus Eriugena
Avicenna (Ibn Sina)
Anselm of Canterbury
Peter Abelard
Averroes (Ibn Rushd)
Maimonides
Thomas Aquinas
Meister Eckhart
John Duns Scotus
William of Ockham
Nicholas of Cusa
Pico della Mirandola
Erasmus
Niccolò Machiavelli
Michel de Montaigne
Giordano Bruno
Francis Bacon
Thomas Hobbes
René Descartes
Blaise Pascal
Baruch Spinoza
John Locke
Nicolas Malebranche
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
George Berkeley
Montesquieu
Voltaire
David Hume
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Denis Diderot
Adam Smith
Immanuel Kant
Condorcet
Jeremy Bentham
Mary Wollstonecraft
Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
Arthur Schopenhauer
Auguste Comte
Ludwig Feuerbach
John Stuart Mill
Søren Kierkegaard
Karl Marx
Friedrich Engels
Wilhelm Dilthey
Charles Sanders Peirce
William James
Friedrich Nietzsche
Gottlob Frege
Edmund Husserl
Henri Bergson
John Dewey
Alfred North Whitehead
Bertrand Russell
G. E. Moore
Karl Jaspers
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Martin Heidegger
Rudolf Carnap
Walter Benjamin
Max Horkheimer
Herbert Marcuse
Hans-Georg Gadamer
Karl Popper
Theodor W. Adorno
Jean-Paul Sartre
Hannah Arendt
Emmanuel Levinas
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
Simone de Beauvoir
W. V. O. Quine
Claude Lévi-Strauss
Albert Camus
Paul Ricoeur
Donald Davidson
G. E. M. Anscombe
John Rawls
Thomas Kuhn
Jean-François Lyotard
Gilles Deleuze
Michel Foucault
Hilary Putnam
Alasdair MacIntyre
Jürgen Habermas
Jacques Derrida
Richard Rorty
Alain Badiou
Thomas Nagel
Robert Nozick
Saul Kripke
Derek Parfit
Peter Singer
Slavoj Žižek
Judith Butler
See the influence map →